Lockout
A lockout is a work stoppage or denial of employment initiated by the management of a company during a labour dispute.[1] In contrast to a strike, in which employees refuse to work, a lockout is initiated by employers or industry owners.
Lockout
Lockouts are usually implemented by simply refusing to admit employees onto company premises, and may include changing locks or hiring security guards for the premises. Other implementations include a fine for showing up, or a simple refusal of clocking in on the time clock. For these reasons, lockouts are referred to as the antithesis of strikes.
Lockouts are common in major league sports, many of which operate as legalized cartels. In the United States and Canada, the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, and the National Hockey League have all experienced lockouts.
Far from all labour disputes involve lockouts (or strikes), but lockouts have been used on a large scale around the world during and after industrialization. Some of the lockout incidents are historically significant.
In the United States, under federal labour law, an employer may hire only temporary replacements during a lockout. In a strike, unless it is an unfair labour practice strike, an employer may legally hire permanent replacements. Also, in many US states, employees who are locked out are eligible to receive unemployment benefits, but they are not eligible for such benefits during a strike.[citation needed]
For the above reasons, many American employers have historically been reluctant to impose lockouts and instead try to provoke a strike. However, as American unions have increasingly begun to resort to slowdowns rather than strikes, lockouts have become a more common tactic of many employers. Even as strikes are on the decline, lockouts are on the rise in the US.[when?]
On 8 April 1998, stevedoring company Patrick Corporation sought to restructure its operations for productivity reasons. In an industrial watershed event, it sacked all its workers and imposed a lockout on wharves around Australia.[4]
On 2 April 2013, the Danish Union of Teachers (Danish: Danmarks Lærerforening) and the National Union of Municipalities (Danish: Kommunernes Landsforening) declared a lockout for more than 60,000 primary school teachers across the country. Over 600,000 students were also affected by the lockout and could not go to school.
The dispute was about whether teachers should have extra working time, as the Local Government Association (KL) wanted. The Danish Union of Teachers (DFL) was against it and could not find a solution.[6] After 24 days of being locked out, the teachers lost the labour dispute on 25 April 2013, with a government intervention to end the lockout. The government chose to apply all of KL's main demands, and the teachers got a small wage increase as compensation.
Proper lockout/tagout (LOTO) practices and procedures safeguard workers from hazardous energy releases. OSHA's Lockout/Tagout Fact Sheet describes the practices and procedures necessary to disable machinery or equipment to prevent hazardous energy release. The OSHA standard for The Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout) (29 CFR 1910.147) for general industry outlines measures for controlling different types of hazardous energy. The LOTO standard establishes the employer's responsibility to protect workers from hazardous energy. Employers are also required to train each worker to ensure that they know, understand, and are able to follow the applicable provisions of the hazardous energy control procedures:
At 11:59 p.m. ET on Dec. 1, the collective bargaining agreement (CBA) -- the negotiated accord that governs almost every aspect of the working relationship between Major League Baseball players and team owners -- expired. Less than two hours prior to that deadline, however, owners voted unanimously to force a work stoppage on Thursday. They did so in the form of a lockout. As such, baseball will endure a work stoppage for the first time since the players' strike of 1994-95.
Speaking of which, you may right about now be wondering what a lockout is, how it works, what the point of it is, and what it means for the sport. Thankfully, we are here, outfitted in our Plus-10 Velvet Brocade Pants of Wisdom, to explain all of that.
There are in essence two kinds of labor stoppages. A strike is when the labor side -- players as represented by their union, in this instance -- puts a halt to operations. A lockout is when the management side -- team owners in this instance -- initiates the stoppage. In plainspoken terms, a strike is a refusal to work, and a lockout is a refusal to permit work to be done.
In the sphere of Major League Baseball, a lockout means that the free agency process would be frozen with some big names still on the market (this freezing is why we saw such a swarm of signings leading up to the CBA expiration date). Since all transactions will be put on hold, a lockout also means no trades. Players will be barred from using team facilities during the lockout, and if the stoppage lasts for more than just a few days then the Winter Meetings and Rule 5 Draft will be canceled and postponed indefinitely, respectively. If the lockout stretches into January, then the exchange of arbitration figures between eligible players and their teams will be delayed. Get well into January without an agreement, and the spring training schedule could be imperiled. The worst-case scenario is that the lockout lasts long enough to force the rescheduling or even cancellation of regular-season games. It's a bit premature to fret over that right now, but it's within the range of possible outcomes.
Owners, however, don't want the players to gain such leverage, so a lockout well in advance of spring training is in some ways a preemptive measure on the part of owners and commissioner Rob Manfred (whose job is basically to do the bidding of the team owners). The aim is not only to accelerate the pace of CBA negotiations but also to make it more likely that the players will bend to the owners' will on multiple fronts. Above all, this is an attempt by teams to put pressure on the union to agree to the owners' suite of proposals for the next CBA. Further, teams hope that bringing the game to a halt with some unsigned players still out there will undermine union solidarity as the lockout drags on.
This marks the fourth lockout since MLB and the union negotiated the first CBA back in the late 1960s. The first owner lockout was in 1973 and was resolved before any regular season games were affected. The 1976 lockout came next, and it also ended without any effect on the regular season. Then came the 1990 lockout. Again, no regular season games were canceled, but spring training was greatly compromised. As well, the start of the regular season was pushed back.
It is the policy of the Chicago Police Department (CPD) and a requirement of the Chicago Municipal Code that whenever a complaint of a lockout is received, the CPD will investigate and take appropriate action when a violation has occurred. Please note that lockouts are not a civil matter.
A lockout has not occurred if the Cook County Sheriff has enforced a court order stating that the tenant should be evicted from the property, but be advised that evictions are currently not allowed because of COVID.
If CPD is on scene and has determined that the landlord has committed or threatened to commit a lockout of a residential tenant, the Officer should instruct the offending landlord to immediately end the threats or actual lockout, or risk being arrested. Whether or not the lockout is resolved, the officer will provide the complainant with a Miscellaneous Incident Exception Report (CPD-11.419) and inform them to call 311 for additional help.
Lockout is the placement of a lockout device on an energy isolating device, in accordance with an established procedure, to ensure that the energy isolating device and the equipment being controlled cannot be operated until the lockout device is removed.
Failure to implement and observe lockout/tagout procedures can result in serious bodily injury (e.g., amputation, electrical burns) and death as a result of the unexpected energization or start up of the machines or equipment, or release of stored energy.
Employees who are authorized to service and perform maintenance on equipment should always ensure that the equipment has been locked out or tagged out in accordance with established procedures before beginning work. Servicing of cord and plug electric equipment that can be deenergized solely by unplugging the equipment from an electrical outlet when the plug remains under the exclusive control of the employee performing the servicing and maintenance does not require lockout/tagout.
The lockout/tagout and electrical safety presentations are available to assist employers in training their staff. In addition, the education, training and technical assistance bureau provides free online safety and health training and outreach services (i.e., speaker's bureau requests, safety booths) upon request.
OSH has adopted the following standards for lockout/tagout in North Carolina. Note: Please also check the standards information and activity webpage to see if there has been any recent or upcoming regulatory activity on this topic.
In an effort to prevent further brute force attacks, we are implementing account lockouts for Administrator accounts. Beginning in the October 11, 2022, or later Windows cumulative updates, a local policy will be available to enable built-in local Administrator account lockouts. This policy can be found under Local Computer Policy\Computer Configuration\Windows Settings\Security Settings\Account Policies\Account Lockout Policies.
For existing computers, setting this value to Enabled by using a local or domain GPO will provide the ability to lock out the built-in local Administrator account. Such environments should also consider setting the other three policies under Account Lockout Policies. Our baseline recommendation is to set them to 10/10/10. This means that an account would be locked out after 10 failed attempts within 10 minutes and the lockout would last for 10 minutes. After that, the account would be unlocked automatically. 041b061a72